考研英语答疑之完型填空

完型填空的解题步骤

　　第一步：先花费2-3分钟的时间对整篇文章做整体通读。整体通读的目标：掌握整篇文章的中心主线，即文章的主题+文章的导向或者作者的态度倾向。
第二步：按段精读、按段理解、按段分析，按段做题，因为段本身就是相对独立的意群，以段为单位，其实是缩小了考生的对立面。

　　第三步：提空后，再进行整篇通读。

完型词汇的复习重点

　　词汇的辨析和使用占到完型出题量的60% -70%左右，是最重的部分。所以，考前词汇的准备对于完型显得尤为重要。但最为有效地复习词汇的关键是要掌握完型对词汇考查的特点：

　　首先，完型考查的不是那些所谓"很难、很偏的词"。考研大纲所要求的词汇量本身就是一个大学生应该掌握的基本词汇，在这些词汇中重点用来考完型的不过在1500-1600个左右，这些词汇绝大部分都是考生们已经"认识"的普通词汇。

　　其次，对这些考生们已经"认识"的普通词汇，完型的重点当然不会放在考查其大概意思上，而是考查考生对该词汇掌握的"深度"。在词汇的意义上，由于大部分英文词汇为多意，完型注重对词汇意义的全面考查，而不仅限于该词的主要意义；除了词汇的意义，完型近年来越来越注重对词汇用法的考查，特别是词汇的搭配使用。考生们对词汇的准备应更多地放在对已经认识的词汇的"深度"扩展上，而非简单地去追求词汇的"广度"。

　　如何做整体通读从而掌握文章的中心主线根据我们上文对完型文章结构两大特点的分析，以及总分结构在完型文章中三个层面的应用，建议考生按照以下步骤进行整体通读，从而迅速把握整篇完型文章的中心主线：

　　第一：重点读文章的首句或首段。首句之后的第二句往往也很重要，也可能是总述句的范畴，建议根据情况重点读。

　　第二：再重点读每一段的首句。

　　第三：以上首句之外的分述部分，挑选分述中各句子中的一些重点词语，如谓语动词，形容词、名词等，进行综合分析。

　　以上这三个步骤，第一步是核心，由于完型文章大都采用总分对照结构，一般通过文章的首句就已经能够读出中心主线了；如果有些文章的首句对文章中心主线表现的不是很明确的话，第二和第三个步骤可用来和第一步骤互相配合，进一步明确中心主线。

　　例如：2003年完型文章：

　　Teachers need to be aware of the emotional, intellectual, and physical changes that young adults experience. And they also need to give serious 21 to how they can be best 22 such changes. Growing bodies need movement and 23 , but not just in ways that emphasize competition. 24 they are adjusting to their new bodies and a whole host of new intellectual and emotional challenges, teenagers are especially self-conscious and need the 25 that comes from achieving success and knowing that their accomplishments are 26 by others. However, the typical teenage lifestyle is already filled with so much competition that it would be 27 to plan activities in which there are more winners than losers, 28 , publishing newsletters with many student-written book reviews, 29 student artwork, and sponsoring book discussion clubs. A variety of small clubs can provide 30 opportunities for leadership, as well as for practice in successful 31 dynamics. Making friends is extremely important to teenagers, and many shy students need the 32 of some kind of organization with a supportive adult 33 visible in the background.

　　In these activities, it is important to remember that the young teens have 34 attention spans. A variety of activities should be organized 35 participants can remain active as long as they want and then go on to 36 else without feeling guilty and without letting the other participants 37 . this does not mean that adults must accept irresponsibility. 38 they can help students acquire a sense of commitment by 39 for roles that are within their 40 and their attention spans and byshavingsclearly stated rules.

　　该文章的首句- "Teachers need to be aware of the emotional, intellectual, and physical changes that young adults experience. -教师们需要意识到青少年所经历的情绪、智力和身体上的变化"

　　这个首句虽然大体揭示出文章的主题(FOCUS)是有关青少年应对变化的问题，但中心主线，如作者的态度倾向性等并不是很明确。其实，我们只要在之后的分述部分抓几个句子的重要词语，就马上可以明确这些：

　　分述部分

　　……but not just in ways that emphasize competition……
　　……adjusting to……new intellectual and emotional challenges……
　　……teenage lifestyle is already filled with so much competition……
　　……there are more winners than losers……
　　……Making friends is extremely important to teenagers……
　　……A variety of activities should be organized……
　　……without feeling guilty……